Spectrometer, Fluorescence, LS 45

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Applications for the LS 45 Fluorescence Spectrometer

As industry standards in bioscience and pharmaceutical applications change and evolve, the LS 45 answers the demands of many labs employing fluorescence measurements in a myriad of industries. In addition to simply measuring fluorescence for the purpose of obtaining data sets, the LS 45 can also be used for curing, photo bleaching/whitening, fingerprinting purposes and more.

• Academic: Cell biology, cellular toxicity/viability, molecular toxicity, protein folding/unfolding, receptor binding studies, teaching (simple assays, DNS, and protein quantification), research (assay development, cell-based work), apoptosis studies, and phagocytosis/oxidative processes
• Agricultural: Resistance assays, pesticide tracing, chlorophyll determinations, crop protection, genetic modification and plant genetics
• Cell Biology: Cell studies(viability, quantification, proliferation, adhesion), cytotoxicity, reporter gene and apoptosis
• Clinical: Assays (enzyme, substrate, toxicity), porphyrins, steroids, vitamin and amine studies
• Environmental: Pesticide detection, ground-water tracing, oil contamination of water, chlorophyll determination of toxic algae, exhaust gas composition, water purity, uranium and aluminum determination and biomass
• Enzymology: Protease assays, inhibition studies, surfactant studies and kinetic assays
• Immunology: Fluorescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, cell proliferation/activation, and tumor necrosis factor
• Industrial: Crack tracing (aerospace), security inks, coding phosphors, brightening/whitening reagents, ultraviolet stabilizers and plasticizers, crude oil fingerprinting, and postage stamp marking
• Inorganic: Aluminum, lead, magnesium, manganese, selenium, zinc, and tin
• Medical: Enzyme/substrate assays, cellular analysis, including bioluminescence and cell proliferation/activation, immunology assays (tumor necrosis factor and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay
• Molecular Biology: DNA and mRNA quantification, gene expression, polymerase chain reaction product quantitation, protein quantitation and folding/unfolding, enzyme activity, porphyrin induction assays, and high throughput drug screening
• Pharmaceutical: Vitamins, biogenic amines, drugs, substance abuse, gene expression and discovery, novel drug delivery systems, combinatorial drug discovery, membrane structure studies, toxicity assays, and cell function assays

Measurement modes and tools for data collection and analysis:

• Fluorescence, phosphorescence, bioluminescence and chemiluminescence measurement modes
• 3D Excitation/Emission (EEM) and 3D synchronous scanning
• 3D kinetic scanning
• Single- and multiple-wavelength kinetics
• Curve fitting with a number of fit algorithms for simple quantitation
• Intracellular ion analyses
• Polarization

Pulsed Xenon Lamp features and benefits:

• Preserves sample integrity
• Reduces photo bleaching of samples
• Long-lived excitation for stability and accuracy
• Improved low-light detection capability (compared to other light sources)
• Wide UV output (to 200 nm) provides greater flexibility when selecting excitation wavelengths
• Eliminates replacement of entire lamp module with replaceable pre-aligned bulb
• Varies delay and gate time for measure phosphorescence
• Can be turned off when measuring chemiluminescence and bioluminescence

FL WinLab Software features:

• Accesses scan, time drive and ratio data collection from applications menu
• Validation protocol automatically checks instrument performance ideal for labs complying with GLP
• Plug-in application modules include: short phosphorescence decay routine, enzyme-activity program, WPR Scan (allows well-plate reader to scan multiple spectra per well, autopol (for programmed measurement of intensity, polarization or anisotropy vs. temperature
• Variety of advanced three-dimensional data-handling, presentation and export routines

Benefits of LS 45 Fluorescence Spectroscopy:

• Detects concentrations as low as one part per trillion; 10,000 times more sensitive than absorption spectroscopy
• Amplifies small emission with minimal noise due to direct detection of luminescence
• Provides multidimensional information with excitation and emission wavelengths
• Longer-lived measured electronic transmissions and increased sensitivity to local polarity, pH, viscosity and thermal effects
• Six- to seven-fold greater linear measurement range (with little error at the extremes) for quantitative analysis compared to spectrophotometers
• Simplifies safety procedures with use of fluorescent tags versus radioisotopes

Optional Accessories for LS 45 Fluorescence Spectrometer

The LS 45 is compatible with various front-mounted accessories that enable easy changing of sampling modes for liquid or solid samples in abundant or limited quantities. Single-Cell Peltier Accessory

• Application: Temperature ramping studies and measuring thermal denaturation of proteins
• Liquid analyses requiring thermostatting
• Operation: 0° to 100° C at a resolution of 0.1°)
• Rapid heating and cooling
• In-cuvette stirring
• Control via temperature controller keypad or software

Four-Position and Single-Position Thermostatted Cell Holder

• Application: Simple, water-cooled cuvette holders for liquid analyses
• Controls sample temperature for accurate data collection
• Accommodates one or four 10 mm pathlength cells as well as micro-cuvettes
• Requires water bath for circulation around the cells

Front Surface Accessory

• Application: Analysis of film, paper, powder, fabric, plastic film and other flat samples
• Measure fluorescence and phosphorescence
• Direct placement of samples in accessory or samples held in the synthetic fused silica window powder holder
• Ultra small volumes or viscous samples can be sandwiched between the two windows
• Measures opaque and turbid samples in small cuvettes (under 10 mm)

Remote Fiber-Optic Accessory

• Application: Remote, non-destructive testing of fluorescent papers and fabrics or remote sampling of hazardous materials
• Takes the measurement to the sample

Total Emission Accessory

• Application: Enhances the sensitivity of the fluorescence collection in samples with weak emission
• Recommended for bioluminescence and chemiluminescence measurements

LC Flow Cell Accessory

• Application: High-sensitivity liquid chromatography; alternative to a dedicated LC fluorescence detector
• Works with the LS-45 and LS-55 monochromators for optimal sensitivity and specificity