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Cleanroom Supplies & Garments
Overview Video Photo Gallery Cleanroom Gowning Protocol
- Gowning Procedures
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Cleanroom Recommended Gowning Protocol - Dirty Link in the Ultra-Clean Chain?
Manufacturers invest hundreds—even thousands—of dollars per square foot of cleanroom space to meet ISO-proscribed particle counts. Shouldn't the same standards be required of the people who enter and potentially contaminate this ultra-clean environment?
Proper cleanroom garments, including hoods, face masks, booties and gloves, help to contain particles that people emit. Yet improper gowning procedures can negate your investment in cleanliness and threaten yields of sensitive semiconductor devices. Once a garment is contaminated—violated by contact with a dirty surface—it spreads particles everywhere it goes.
You can train personnel on proper garmenting procedures, but how do you guarantee compliance? A violated garment doesn't set off alarms, and few facilities can afford quality control monitors to supervise every person through every washing and dressing stage. Yet if strict controls are not observed, dirty gloves and coveralls almost certainly will come in contact with clean operations.
A Gowning Area that Supports Clean Protocol
The simplest and most economical approach to this dilemma is a correctly designed gowning area, complete with well-designed change room products, that keeps personnel on a clean track.
This design starts with a room with pressure greater than that of the outside air, but lower than the cleanroom. This cascading pressure differential reduces the opportunity for contaminants to enter each controlled space. It includes a laminar flow of HEPA-filtered air, typically emitted through ceiling filter/fan units. This continuous wash of clean air immediately removes personnel-emitted contaminants, as well as particles present even in cleanroom-laundered garments (see Figure 1). Failure to maintain the desired particle standard in the change area will lead to contaminating clean garments.
| Activity | No. of particles (>= 0.3µm) |
|---|---|
| Person emits during garmenting process | 3,000,000/min. |
| Cleanest skin (hands) | 10,000,000/ft2 |
| Employee street clothes | 10,000,000 to 30,000,000/ft2 |
| Floor and bench surfaces | > 10,000,000/ft2 |
| Garments supplied by cleanroom laundry | 1,000,000/ ft2 |
| Figure 1: Gowning Area Particle Generators Source: Encyclopedia of Clean Rooms, Bio-Cleanrooms and Aseptic Areas, Dr. Philip Austin, P.E., 2000 | |
The Change Room illustration below depicts an effective floor plan that places the proper gowning stations in appropriate locations. Although many variations on this layout are possible, they should support these key garmenting guidelines:
- Don't Touch! Most cleanliness violations occur when a garment is touched by dirty hands, or when it touches a dirty floor. Hands and gloves should therefore be washed and dried frequently. Select washers and dryers with no-touch IR sensors to minimize the chance of violating gloves. Maintain ultraclean, unviolated surfaces where garments can be donned without contamination. Properly placed gowning benches or use of a special gowning platform helps maintain “not step” areas where a coverall may touch the ground during gowing.
- Dress from the Head Down! That way, released particles won't fall on clean garments or booties.
- Understand Garment Design! In most instances, gloves and booties are worn over coverall sleeves and cuffs, and hoods are tucked inside collars. Make sure that personnel are trained on how to seal these gaps between clothing, and include a mirror to allow final self-inspection. Hang a photo of a correctly garbed person next to the mirror as a "how-to" guide.
- Minimize Motion! As Figure 2 indicates, people wearing cleanroom garments emit thousands of particles per minute even when sitting still! People in street clothes, walking from one change room location to another, release millions of particles. Change room plans should therefore minimize motion, especially during the final stages of dressing, by efficiently organizing the flow of personnel from one station to another.
- Minimize Maintenance! Do you have dedicated, trained personnel to peel off adhesive shoe mats, wipe down gowning benches, keep "clean zones" regularly scrubbed, empty waste receptacles, restock garb dispensers, and perform other upkeep with the absolute regularity that your protocol requires? If not, look for ways to minimize reliance on humans—through automation, careful product positioning, choice of materials, and so forth. Initial cost may be higher, but reduced maintenance and greater compliance provide a rich return on your investment!
- Train and Reinforce! A good change room design supports proper protocol, but it doesn't teach it. Make sure that personnel complete a formal training program, and stress protocol by hanging reminder posters at every gowning station that reinforce proper procedures.
| Personnel Activity | Snap Smock | Standard Coverall | 2-Piece Coverall | Tyvek® Coverall | Membrane Coverall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Movement | 100,000 | 10,000 | 4,000 | 1,000 | 10 |
| Light Movement | 500,000 | 50,000 | 20,000 | 5,000 | 50 |
| Heavy Movement | 1,000,000 | 100,000 | 40,000 | 10,000 | 100 |
| Change Position | 2,500,000 | 250,000 | 100,000 | 25,000 | 250 |
| Slow Walk | 5,000,000 | 500,000 | 200,000 | 50,000 | 500 |
| Fast Walk | 10,000,000 | 1,000,000 | 400,000 | 100,000 | 1,000 |
| Figure 2: Austin Contamination Index Particles >= 0.3µm emitted per minute in garment indicated Source: Encyclopedia of Clean Rooms, Bio-Cleanrooms and Aseptic Areas, Dr. Philip Austin, PE, 2000 Note: Light/heavy movement refer to partial body movements (motioning with arm, tapping toes, etc.). Change of position refers to whole body motion (standing up, sitting down, etc.). | |||||
Recommended Gowning Room Design
- Secure lockers for clothing and personal property
- Shoe cleaner, with rotating brushes to remove gross contaminants
- Walk-off adhesive shoe mat
- Air Shower, with HEPA filtered air jets to remove loose contaminants
- Hand washing station, no-touch operation
- Hand dryer (if not incorporated into washer), HEPA/ULPA-filtered air, no touch
- Dispenser for glove liner or underglove
- Glove washing/drying station (if gloves not clean)
- Glove washing/drying station (if gloves not clean)
- Headwear dispenser
- Face mask dispenser
- Waste receptacle—should be installed wherever packaging is removed
- Garment Storage Facility—depends on garment type
- Open Garment Rack for reusable garments
- Enclosed Garment Cabinet for reusable garments (includes HEPA blower)
- Garment Storage Shelves for packaged disposable garments, Overstock Cabinet
- Waste Receptacle
- Ergonomic Lean Rails support personnel while donning coveralls
- Gowning Platform provides a noncontaminated surface to prevent violation of garment
- Wiper dispenser—used to clean bench prior to putting on booties
- Bootie/shoe cover dispenser (may also be incorporated into benches)
- Waste Receptacle
- Gowning benches, used when putting on booties. Booties stay on "clean" side
- Cleanroom mirror for final self-inspection (side-by-side w/poster showing correctly garbed model)
- Safety glass and overglove dispensers
- Air shower—may be required in cleanroom entrance
- Garment hamper for reusable garments to be laundered
- Waste receptacle for disposable garments
Reusable Garments
Reusable cleanroom garments are noncontaminating, even after repeated laundering, and resist snagging; select lint-free polyester, super dense polyester and static-control carbon grid137 Products
137 Products
Disposable Garments
Disposable cleanroom garments shield personnel and product from contaminants; non-woven materials limit lint generation, and economical pricing allows garment disposal74 Products
74 Products
Gloves, Glove Liners and Finger Cots
Terra offers high temperature/acid gloves, disposable and reusable cleanroom gloves, static-safe gloves, glove liners and finger cots57 Products
57 Products
Cleanroom Supplies
Complete lines of non-shedding wipes and cleanroom compatible paper, clipboards, file holders and other supplies57 Products
57 Products
Features and Benefits
Cleanroom Cotton Wipes
Soft, durable wipes gently clean and polish scratch-sensitive optics or magnetic disk media surfaces; tightly woven for strength, durability. Nonwoven and presaturated wipes also available for lab and cleanroom use.
Reusable Cleanroom Coats and Frocks
Cleanroom coats and frocks made of ESD-safe polyester Grid and economical, fluid-resistant polyester taffeta are comfortable and long wearing, ideal for lab and medical use.
Cleanroom Face Masks, Hair Covers, Beard Covers, More!
Cleanroom-compatible with exceptional filtration efficiency, Terra's disposable face masks, hair covers and other garb are clean and comfortable (shown: Sierra® Face Mask).
Disposable Garments for Every Requirement and Budget
Non-woven, microporous polypropylene materials ensure cleanliness, economy and comfort (shown: ProClean® coverall, hood, boots)
Cleanroom-Compatible Paper and Notebooks
Cleanroom paper is specially formulated to minimize particle shedding due to ultra-low particle extractables and metallic ion content; spiral notebooks use a proprietary coating to meet cleanroom requirements.
Shields Microscope Samples Without Operator Discomfort
The Sneeze Guard© Breath Shield slides onto eyepieces to form a particle and moisture barrier that shields the work stage more effectively than uncomfortable face masks.
Cleanroom-Compatible Clipboards
BioSafe® cleanroom clipboard uses all-stainless steel construction to eliminate chipping and corrosion, common with plated components; also available in acid-resistant polypropylene
Dissipative and Conductive Cleanroom Gloves
ISO 5 cleanroom-compliant urethane gloves are available in dissipative and conductive formulations - ideal for semiconductor and electronics applications (shown: conductive PolyTuff® glove).
Sterile Cleanroom Nitrile Gloves
These nitrile gloves are available for sterile applications in several cleanroom ratings: ISO 4, ISO 5, ISO 6 and ISO 7.
Cleanroom Supplies & Garments
Polyester Taffeta Garments- Reusable Maxima ESD Cleanroom Coverall
- Cleanroom Wipers for Every Requirement
- Cleanroom and Laboratory Gloves
Polyester taffeta fabric provides contamination control and fluid resistance; ideal for food, pharmaceutical and medical/healthcare use Polyester Taffeta Garments Polyester taffeta fabric provides contamination control and fluid resistance; ideal for food, pharmaceutical and medical/healthcare use (shown: frocks and hair nets).
Fluid-resistant Maxima ESD cleanroom coveralls: ISO-5 clean, static safe and fluid resistant | 4953-36 displayed Reusable Maxima ESD Cleanroom Coverall Fluid-resistant Maxima ESD cleanroom coveralls: ISO-5 clean, static safe and fluid resistant for pharmaceutical, food, and medical/healthcare use; Grid coveralls ideal for semiconductor/electonics use.
Cleanroom laboratory wipes are commonly used where liquid retention is important, great for general applications in wiping down surfaces Cleanroom Wipers for Every Requirement Woven and nonwoven aboratory wipes are available for every cleanliness and absorbency requirement; pails of pre-saturated wipes save time and ensure consistent, repeatable results.
Cleanroom gloves are offered in wide variety suitable for different applications Cleanroom and Laboratory Gloves Complete lines of gloves for cleanroom compliance, chemical resistance, sterile use and other industry-specific requirements
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