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Hardwall modular cleanrooms provide a completely enclosed, rigid free-standing structure with vents to exhaust air. Terra Universal fabricates the framing from powder-coated or stainless steel; wall panels are available in clear acrylic, static-dissipative PVC, polycarbonate and tempered glass, as well as opaque white polypropylene.
Because they can be specified, built and installed in a fraction of the time associated with brick-and-mortar clean rooms, modular hardwall rooms are ideal for fast ramp-up projects or short production cycles that may not merit the expense and delay of a conventional room.
Hardwall clean rooms can maintain pressure differentials, which may be required to meet certain standards for cleanliness (ISO 5 or 6, as well as USP compounding regulations). Their wall panels are more durable and easier to clean than softwall panels or curtains.
Hardwall construction also allows temperature and humidity control, which is enhanced in a recirculating clean room design using vertical air returns in conjunction with A/C units. Unlike softwall designs, hardwall cleanrooms can provide negative-pressure containment.
A negative-pressure containment room must pull more air out than it introduces through ceiling fan/filter units. Air is typically exhausted through ductwork tied to a ventilation fan.
Ductwork most often runs along the bottom perimeter of the clean room and draws air from multiple locations along the room perimeter to minimize disruption to laminar flow. The ventilation fan mounts on the floor outside the cleanroom, or ductwork may pass exhaust upward to a roof-mounted fan. In order to maintain negative pressure, this fan must be capable of pulling about 30% more air than the HEPA filters introduce.
Depending on the application, a containment room may require exit filtration: either HEPA/ULPA filters for particles and aerosols, and/or carbon filters to remove chemical fumes.
Internal walls and careful positioning of ceiling Fan/Filter Units (FFU) allows you to configure a facility with many rooms, each operating at a different ISO cleanliness level. Some points to keep in mind:
Beside controlling particulate contamination and internal positive or negative pressure, hardwall cleanrooms are available to meet these special requirements:
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Most cleanroom professionals understand that HEPA and ULPA filters capture contaminants that degrade particle-sensitive samples. But they also help remove bacteria, mold spores, and many viruses that contribute to a host of infections.
Most common bacteria are contained by the 0.3-micron pore size of high-efficiency particular air (HEPA) filters. Ultra-Low Penetration Air (ULPA) filters, which are rated 99.999% efficient at retaining particles of 0.12 microns and larger in diameter, capture ultra-fine contaminants, including many large viruses and mold spores.
These filters also remove aerosol-born pathogens - germs that hitch a ride on larger particles and liquid droplets that are captured in a HEPA or ULPA filter. HEPA- or ULPA-based Fan/Filter Units (FFUs) thus can play an important role in infection prevention in surgical theaters, ICUs and other medical settings.
Additionally, HEPA filters can help filter pollen, tiny insects, bacteria, mold, and other fungal spores that might be present during plant tissue culture or cannabis production. Contaminants such as these can find a way in via personnel or normal HVAC units and can blight crops and reduce yields. HEPA Filters help increase crop yields, pass inspection/meet regulations, and reduce contamination.
Here is a list of common human pathogens that HEPA/ULPA filters capture and remove from circulation:
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