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Square Tube 304 or 316 Stainless Steel 20" W x 14" D 2 Steps 300 lbs 20" 21.5" 24" 21" ISO 6 No 2805-07-316 71318 $3,002 1-3 Days 2
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Square Tube 304 or 316 Stainless Steel 20" W x 19" D 5 Steps 300 lbs 20" 49" 81" 51" ISO 6 Yes 2805-09A-316 75513 $9,599 1-3 Days 3
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Square Tube 304 or 316 Stainless Steel 30" W x 14" D 2 Steps 300 lbs 30" 21.5" 51" 21" ISO 6 Yes 2805-63A 75516 $3,058 1-3 Days 4
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Square Tube 304 or 316 Stainless Steel 30" W x 14" D 2 Steps 300 lbs 30" 21.5" 24" 21" ISO 6 Yes 2805-83A 75517 $2,772 1-3 Days 5
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Square Tube 304 or 316 Stainless Steel 30" W x 14" D 3 Steps 300 lbs 30" 29" 34" 31" ISO 6 Yes 2805-84A 75518 $3,529 1-3 Days 6
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Square Tube 304 or 316 Stainless Steel 30" W x 14" D 3 Steps 300 lbs 30" 29" 61" 31" ISO 6 Yes 2805-85A 75519 $4,193 1-3 Days 7
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Square Tube 304 or 316 Stainless Steel 30" W x 19" D 4 Steps 300 lbs 30" 41.5" 71" 41" ISO 6 Yes 2805-86A 75520 $5,740 1-3 Days 8
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Square Tube 304 or 316 Stainless Steel 30" W x 19" D 5 Steps 300 lbs 30" 49" 81" 51" ISO 6 Yes 2805-87A 75521 $7,396 1-3 Days 9
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Square Tube 304 or 316 Stainless Steel 30" W x 48" D 5 Steps 300 lbs 30" 78" 87" 51" ISO 6 Yes 2805-88A 75522 $7,312 1-3 Days 10
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Square Tube 304 or 316 Stainless Steel 18" W x 19" D 7 Steps 300 lbs 26" 64" 101" 71" ISO 6 Yes 2805-10B-316 78315 $10,740 1-3 Days 11
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Round Tube 304 or 316 Stainless Steel 18" W x 13" D 7 Steps 300 lbs 26" 64" 101" 71" ISO 4 Yes 2805-10C-316 82665 $16,877 1-3 Days 12
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Round Tube 304 or 316 Stainless Steel 20" W x 13" D 5 Steps 300 lbs 20" 49" 81" 51" ISO 4 Yes 2805-09B-316 82666 $13,712 1-3 Days 13
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Round Tube 304 or 316 Stainless Steel 30" W x 13" D 5 Steps 300 lbs 30" 78" 87" 51" ISO 4 Yes 2805-88B 82667 $10,445 1-3 Days 14
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Round Tube 304 or 316 Stainless Steel 30" W x 13" D 5 Steps 300 lbs 30" 49" 81" 51" ISO 4 Yes 2805-87B 82668 $10,566 1-3 Days 15
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Round Tube 304 or 316 Stainless Steel 30" W x 13" D 4 Steps 300 lbs 30" 41.5" 71" 41" ISO 4 Yes 2805-86B 82669 $8,199 1-3 Days 16
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Round Tube 304 or 316 Stainless Steel 30" W x 13" D 2 Steps 300 lbs 30" 21.5" 25" 21" ISO 4 Yes 2805-83B 82670 $3,959 1-3 Days 17
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Round Tube 304 or 316 Stainless Steel 30" W x 13" D 2 Steps 300 lbs 30" 21.5" 51" 21" ISO 4 Yes 2805-63B 82671 $4,368 1-3 Days 18
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Round Tube 304 or 316 Stainless Steel 30" W x 13" D 3 Steps 300 lbs 30" 29" 61" 31" ISO 4 Yes 2805-85B 82672 $5,990 1-3 Days 19
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Round Tube 304 or 316 Stainless Steel 30" W x 13" D 3 Steps 300 lbs 30" 29" 34" 31" ISO 4 Yes 2805-84B 82673 $5,041 1-3 Days 20
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Round Tube 304 or 316 Stainless Steel 20" W x 13" D 2 Steps 300 lbs 20" 21.5" 20" 21" ISO 4 Yes 2805-07B-316 82674 $5,420 1-3 Days 21
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Design
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Product Details
Product Details
  • Available ISO Ratings: ISO 4, ISO 5, ISO 6, ISO 7, ISO 8
  • With fewer crevices which can make them easier to clean thoroughly, Round tubes have a significant advantage over square tubes. In cleanroom environments where maintaining high levels of cleanliness is essential, this is very important.
  • Round tubes dont have sharp corners or edges where particles can get trapped in, so they tend to accumulate fewer particles and contaminants
  • Better airflow and reduced turbulence within the cleanroom are within the Round Tubes due to smoother surfaces. This can be important in environments where air quality and particulate control are critical.
  • Strength and durability compared to Square Tubes, Round tubes can withstand heavy loads and provide stability for equipment placed on the tables.
  • Designed for life science applications, such as biofuel research and production and food science
  • Ideal for maintenance work in an ISO 5 - 8 clean room
  • Nylon leveling feet can be adjusted to compensate for uneven floors
  • Safety rails (optional on smaller models) further enhance personnel safety
  • Standard models include perforated steps; alternative designs available for custom ordering
  • The number of steps listed includes the platform
  • All-stainless steel spring-loaded casters with polyurethane wheels retract when weight is applied
  • 0.75" (19 mm)-diameter perforations accommodate vertical laminar air-flow and minimize particle accumulation
  • BioSafe® construction features continuous-seam welds to create surfaces free of cracks that harbor germs
  • Custom sizes and configurations available; call with your specifications!
  • Narrow design accommodates tight space requirements

Available ISO Ratings: ISO 4, ISO 5, ISO 6, ISO 7, ISO 8

ISO Class: ISO 4

OSHA Rating: Type 1A

Unit of Measure: of 1

Ladders, Stairs & Work Platforms

  • Electropolished stainless steel mobile step ladder for cleanroom Electropolished Stainless Steel Mobile Step Ladder for Cleanroom Manufacturing
  • Stainless steel folding step ladder for biopharmaceutical cleanroom Stainless Steel Folding Step Ladder for Biopharmaceutical Cleanroom
Features & Benefits

Features and Benefits

Learn More: Electropolishing Standards

Electropolishing Standards and Guidelines

Overview

This document provides a description of the electropolishing procedures performed by Terra Universal. It also specifies a series of criteria for evaluating the integrity and cleanliness of the electropolished surfaces. Because these electropolishing procedures are followed on all work performed by Terra Universal, the results may be understood as indicative of standard Terra Universal electropolishing, and the specified evaluation criteria may be used as acceptance standards for work performed by Terra Universal.

Introduction

Electropolishing is a reverse plating procedure that entails the electrochemical removal of metal (including carbon, silica, iron, and other impurities) from a stainless steel surface.

Prior to electropolishing, parts are mechanically prepared to ensure optimal results. All welds are ground, deburred, and inspected to ensure that all seams are free of pockets or gaps. Finally, selected surfaces are mechanically buffed to a smooth finish.

Next, the part is fitted with electrodes, immersed in an electrolyte solution, and subjected to a direct electrical current. During this electrolytic process, the metallic surface of the the anodic part is removed ion by ion, yielding a nickel and chromium-rich surface free of microscopic “peaks” or “valleys” that could lead to metal fatigue or contamination. Optimal results depend on careful control over the current density, the precise chemical composition of the electrolytic solution, and the temperature and agitation of the bath, and the duration of current exposure.

Unlike mechanically finished stainless steel, electropolished surfaces feature no fine directional lines and hence offer less friction and surface drag. The chromium-rich surface offers excellent light reflection, yielding a bright, smooth and uniform polish.

Electropolishing Procedures

Terra Universal electropolishing is carefully controlled in each of the following areas to ensure the finest results possible.

  1. Material Selection: Terra Universal electropolishing is performed on 304 stainless steel with either a 2B or 4 mill finish. This material standard minimizes the presence of sulfide inclusions and other subsurface contaminants and end-grain or large-grain surfaces that can produce a frosty appearance following electropolishing. Incoming material is also inspected for improper annealing, overpickling, heat scale, and directional roll marks, all of which are accentuated by electropolishing.
  2. Precleaning and Postcleaning: For optimal results, it is important that all surfaces be uniformly exposed to the electrolyte solution, but also that provisions be made to remove all traces of the solution following electropolishing. Failure to remove the solution can result in subsequent outgassing unacceptable in a clean room environment.

    Stainless steel parts intended for electropolishing are designed with these requirements in mind. All welds are carefully inspected to ensure continuous seams, free of pits or gaps where the solution could collect, and all hollow members are drilled to permit effective flushing of the solution after electropolishing.

    Because the electropolishing process removes only a very thin surface layer (typically between 0.001" and 0.0001"), selected surfaces are mechanically buffed, using progressively finer grits to produce the smoothest possible finish.

    Following electropolishing, all traces of the electrolyte solution are thoroughly removed from the part, and any hollow cavities are flushed to eliminate the chance of subsequent outgassing. Surfaces are then dried and buffed with a soft, non-particulating cloth.

  3. Process Controls: The more rigorously the electropolishing process variables are controlled, the higher the quality that can be expected in the finished product.

    Some of these variables are relatively easy to quantify and monitor, although some variation must be exercised in response to a given sample in order to produce the optimal results.

    • Electrolyte Bath: The chemistry of the bath must be constantly monitored, with special attention to the specific gravity (an indicator of water content), the acid concentration, and the metals content.

    • Current: A supply of clean, ripple-free DC power must be available to drive the process, as well as appropriately sized cables and connectors to the anodes and cathodes. Current density (amperes/square foot) must be carefully monitored and regulated.

    For other variables, effective control depends on significant experience. Attention to these considerations, combined with close adherence to the procedures mentioned above, results in a truly superior electropolished finish.

    • Electrode Positioning: Electrode placement is critical to the success of the electropolishing process. Although electrode clamping of objects with a uniform geometrical shape is generally a straightforward task, irregularly shaped objects, which often contain inaccessible cavities or areas exposed to low current densities, present special challenges. Only an experienced technician, equipped with versatile electrode fittings, can ensure optimal results in these situations.

    • Electrolyte Temperature: Varying situations may call for varying temperatures, and heating and/or cooling during the electropolishing process may be required.
    • Electrolyte Agitation: Only an experienced technician possesses the knowledge of where, when and how to agitate either the electrolyte or the part in order to prevent gassing streaks, flow marks, and similar unacceptable surface anomalies.
    • Current Duration: The optimal duration of current exposure depends on the part size and shape. Again, only an experienced electropolisher can control this variable to produce the best results.
Performance Evaluation Parameters
  1. Visual Inspection: The first and most obvious test of the effectiveness of the electropolishing is a close visual inspection. In a closely controlled process performed on high-quality material that is adequately prepared for electropolishing, the surface will appear uniformly brilliant, with no detectable pits, streaks, erosion, "frosting", or other anomalies.

    Unlike mechanical buffing, which distorts the surface of the metal and may conceal the material’s true characteristics, electropolishing reveals the imperfections in the structure of the stainless steel. Electropolishing will accentuate any welding flaws, and a nonuniform appearance indicates a high volume of inclusions or a large-grained grade of stainless steel.

  2. Micrographs: A better test of the integrity of the surface is provided by photomicrographs of the surface. Although a highly buffed (such as a No. 8 mil finish) sample and an electropolished sample may appear equally brilliant to the unaided eye, the differences between the two are apparent when they are viewed under very high magnifications. The sample micrographs below, taken at 1,000X, dramatically illustrate the smooth, featureless surface that results from electropolishing.

Before Electropolishing

This photomicrograph represents the surface of 304 stainless steel with a No. 2B mill finish before Electropolishing. Note that the etched boundaries between the grains are only partially sealed, resulting in a network of sub-surface crevices. Contaminants that lodge in these crevices are protected from contact with cleaning agents leading to subsequent migration of trapped contaminants onto the cleaned surface.

After Electropolishing

This photomicrograph represents the same No. 2B surface after Electropolishing. Note that the surface is now completely featureless on a microscopic level and has the desired noncontaminating, non-particulating and non-sticking properties.

Before Electropolishing

This photomicrograph represents a 304 stainless steel surface with a mechanically polished No. 4 mill finish before Electropolishing. Note the deep grooves, cavities, torn metal and other microscopic imperfections that entrap and retain contaminants.

After Electropolishing

This photomicrograph represents the same No. 4 finish after Electropolishing. The surface may still show some of the abrasiveproduced topography to the naked eye, but will now be microscopically featureless with the desired non-contaminating, non particulating and non-sticking properties.

BioSafe®: Terra's Ultimate Cleanliness Rating

Terra's BioSafe products are designed for the most critical applications: no gaps and crevices where microbes colonize, rounded corners for easy disinfection, won't produce contaminants during sterilization, and exceeds cGMP, IEST, ASTM and ISO 14644-1 requirements.

Round Tube Wafer Cart Design

Round tube designs promote air flow laminarity, exceed ISO class 5 conditions and support easy wipe downs

Hand Rails (Select Models)

OSHA-compliant safety rail extends 30" above the top step; models with extended depth provide convenient work platform.

Convenient Mobility and Safe Stability

All-stainless steel, non-contaminating polyurethane leveling feet to move and place the ladder with ease. Design free of cracks and crevices where contaminants can collect.

Streamlined Hygienic Design

Compare the continuous-seam weld BioSafe design (left side of each photo) with hard-to-clean cracks of a non-continuous weld model (right side).

Continuous Seams Eliminate Particle Traps

Continuous seam weld design simplifies cleaning and prevents foreign contaminants from accumulating in cracks and crevices

Diamond Plating and Perforations

Diamond tread plating and perforations support laminar flow while reducing the risk of slipping. Easy on shoes and easy to clean.

Smooth, Easy-Clean Surfaces

BioSafe stainless steel design minimizes cracks and cervices where microbes collect, doesn't produce contamination during sterilization

All Stainless-Steel Construction

Stainless steel perforated steps help to reduce contaminants and promote air laminarity. Design won't produce contaminants during disinfection, stands up to harsh biocides.

Durable, High-Quality Glides

Product glides and leveling feet represent the first line of defense against cleanroom contamination. As glides come into contact with cleaners and harsh chemicals, they are often the first component to deteriorate. Terra's glides are durable, chemical resistant, built-to-last, and ISO-rated.

OSHA Type 1A Compliant

This product meets OSHA's Type 1A compliance standards

OSHA Portable Stair Compliance

This product meets OSHA's Portable Stair compliance standards
Available Accessories
Popular Accessories
For a full list of accessories, select a product then click Choose Accessories on that product page.
  • Ladder Cover

    Protect step stairs with a nonwoven, cleanroom-compatible polyester cover sized for your step stair.
  • Grounding Chain for Step Stools and Ladders

    12-inch conductive chain attaches to any Terra Step Stool or Ladder to provide ground connection against static discharge.
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